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US Dollar marginally weaker ahead of this week’s labor market data


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  • The US Dollar is slightly weaker against its major rivals to begin the week.
  • The US Dollar Index stays above 101.50 after posting gains last week.
  • US jobs report and other high-tier data releases this week could drive USD performance.

The US Dollar stays marginally weaker on Monday after posting strong gains against major rivals last week. Nevertheless, the USD Index – which tracks the USD’s valuation against a basket of six major currencies – has stayed within a narrow consolidation channel above 101.50.

The USD gathered strength in the second half of last week as data from the US revealed that the economy continued to grow at a healthy rate in the second quarter, while labor market conditions remained tight. As the US Bureau of Economic Analysis’ monthly report showed that the Personal Consumption Expenditures (PCE) Price Index rose at a softer pace than anticipated, the USD rally lost steam ahead of the weekend. 

The US economic docket will feature important labor market-related data releases this week, which could drive the USD’s valuation. On Tuesday, the US Bureau of Labor Statistics will publish JOLTS Job Openings figures ahead of the ADP private sector employment on Wednesday and Nonfarm Payrolls on Friday. The ISM Manufacturing and Services PMI surveys will also be watched closely by investors this week.

Daily digest market movers: US Dollar stays calm ahead of key data

  • Wall Street’s main indexes opened moderately higher on Monday. As of writing, three main indexes, Dow Jones Industrial Average, Nasdaq Composite and S&P 500, were up between 0.05% and 0.1%
  • Inflation in the US, as measured by the change in Personal Consumption Expenditures (PCE) Price Index, fell to 3% on a yearly basis in June from 3.8% in May, the US Bureau of Economic Analysis reported on Friday. This reading came in below the market expectation of 3.1%.
  • Core PCE Price Index, the Federal Reserve’s preferred gauge of inflation, arrived at 4.1% on a yearly basis, down from 4.6% in May and below the market forecast of 4.2%. Further details of the publication revealed that Personal Income and Personal Spending increased 0.3% and 0.5% on a monthly basis, respectively.
  • The real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the US expanded at an annualized rate of 2.4% in the second quarter, the US Bureau of Economic Analysis’ (BEA) first estimate showed on Thursday. This reading followed the 2% growth recorded in the first quarter and surpassed the market expectation of 1.8% by a wide margin.
  • According to the CME Group FedWatch Tool, markets are pricing in a 20% probability of a 25-basis-point Federal Reserve (Fed) rate hike in September.
  • The benchmark 10-year US Treasury bond yields stays relatively calm at around 4% on Monday.
  • In an interview with CBS over the weekend, Minneapolis Federal Reserve Bank President Neel Kashkari said that he was not sure whether the Fed was done raising rates. Commenting on the jobs markets, Kashkari noted that it would not surprise him to see the unemployment rate tick up slightly.
  • The Fed raised its policy rate by 25 basis points (bps) to the range of 5.25%-5.5% following the July policy meeting as expected. In the post-meeting press conference, Fed Chairman Jerome Powell refrained from confirming another rate hike this year and said that every policy meeting will be live. “If we see inflation coming down credibly, we can move down to a neutral level and then below neutral at some point,” Powell told reporters, noting that the policy was already restrictive. 

Technical analysis: US Dollar Index is yet to gather directional momentum

The US Dollar Index (DXY) closed above the 20-day Simple Moving Average (SMA), currently located at 101.30, on Friday after testing that level in the early American session. In the meantime, the Relative Strength Index (RSI) indicator on the daily chart stays near 50 on Monday, reflecting a lack of directional momentum

On the upside, 102.00 (static level, psychological level) aligns as initial resistance before 102.50 (50-day SMA, 100-day SMA). A daily close above the latter could attract buyers and pave the way for an extended uptrend toward 103.00 (psychological level, static level).

Looking south, 101.30 (20-day SMA) stays intact as key support level. If DXY drops below that level and starts using it as resistance, 101.00 (psychological level, static level) could be seen as interim support ahead of 100.50 (static level) and 100.00 (psychological level).

Fed FAQs

Monetary policy in the US is shaped by the Federal Reserve (Fed). The Fed has two mandates: to achieve price stability and foster full employment. Its primary tool to achieve these goals is by adjusting interest rates.
When prices are rising too quickly and inflation is above the Fed’s 2% target, it raises interest rates, increasing borrowing costs throughout the economy. This results in a stronger US Dollar (USD) as it makes the US a more attractive place for international investors to park their money.
When inflation falls below 2% or the Unemployment Rate is too high, the Fed may lower interest rates to encourage borrowing, which weighs on the Greenback.

The Federal Reserve (Fed) holds eight policy meetings a year, where the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) assesses economic conditions and makes monetary policy decisions.
The FOMC is attended by twelve Fed officials – the seven members of the Board of Governors, the president of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, and four of the remaining eleven regional Reserve Bank presidents, who serve one-year terms on a rotating basis.

In extreme situations, the Federal Reserve may resort to a policy named Quantitative Easing (QE). QE is the process by which the Fed substantially increases the flow of credit in a stuck financial system.
It is a non-standard policy measure used during crises or when inflation is extremely low. It was the Fed’s weapon of choice during the Great Financial Crisis in 2008. It involves the Fed printing more Dollars and using them to buy high grade bonds from financial institutions. QE usually weakens the US Dollar.

Quantitative tightening (QT) is the reverse process of QE, whereby the Federal Reserve stops buying bonds from financial institutions and does not reinvest the principal from the bonds it holds maturing, to purchase new bonds. It is usually positive for the value of the US Dollar.