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USD/INR extends the rally ahead of Indian/US PMI data

  • Indian Rupee softens in Tuesday’s Asian session. 
  • The renewed USD demand, volatile crude oil prices, foreign outflows of funds undermine the INR. 
  • The HSBC India Manufacturing PMI and US ISM Manufacturing PMI for September will be in the spotlight on Tuesday. 

The Indian Rupee (INR) trades in negative territory for the third consecutive day on Tuesday. The downtick of the local currency is pressured by strong US Dollar (USD) demand from foreign banks. Additionally, the volatile crude oil prices amid rising tensions in the Middle East and the outflow of foreign funds contribute to the INR’s downside. 

However, the anticipation of additional interest rate reduction by the Federal Reserve might cap the upside for the pair. Investors will keep an eye on the US ISM Manufacturing Purchasing Managers Index (PMI), which is due on Tuesday. Also, the Fed’s Raphael Bostic and Lisa Cook are scheduled to speak. On the Indian front, HSBC India Manufacturing PMI for September will be released. 

Daily Digest Market Movers: Indian Rupee remains sensitive to global factors

  • “The rupee, after experiencing a decent appreciation, has begun drifting back toward its typical range. This shift is driven by month-end dollar demand from importers, coupled with the RBI’s active management of the currency,” said Amit Pabari, managing director at FX advisory firm CR Forex.
  • India’s current account balance moved into a deficit of $9.7 billion in the April-June quarter (Q1) of 2024-25 (FY25), accounting for 1.1% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP), according to the Reserve Bank of India (RBI). 
  • Fed Chair Jerome Powell said on Monday that the recent half-percentage point interest rate cut shouldn’t be interpreted as a sign that future moves will be as aggressive. Powell added that further rate cuts are in the pipeline, though their size and pace would depend on the evolution of the economy.
  • Powell further stated that the Fed’s current goal is to support a largely healthy economy and job market, rather than rescue a struggling economy or prevent a recession.
  • Interest rate futures contracts have priced in a nearly 35.4% chance of a half-point cut in November, versus a 64.6% possibility of a quarter-point cut, according to the CME FedWatch Tool.

Technical Analysis: USD/INR’s positive outlook prevails

The Indian Rupee trades on a weaker note on the day. The USD/INR pair keeps the bullish vibe on the daily timeframe as the price holds above the key 100-day Exponential Moving Average (EMA). Nonetheless, further consolidation cannot be ruled out as the 14-day Relative Strength Index (RSI) hovers around the midline, indicating neutral momentum. 

The 84.00 psychological mark appears to be a tough nut to crack for USD/INR bulls. A decisive break above this level could see a rally to 84.15, the high of August 5. The next upside barrier is seen at 84.50. 

On the flip side, the 100-day EMA at 83.62 acts as an initial support level for USD/INR. Extended losses could pave the way to 83.00, representing the psychological level and the low of May 24.

Indian Rupee FAQs

The Indian Rupee (INR) is one of the most sensitive currencies to external factors. The price of Crude Oil (the country is highly dependent on imported Oil), the value of the US Dollar – most trade is conducted in USD – and the level of foreign investment, are all influential. Direct intervention by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) in FX markets to keep the exchange rate stable, as well as the level of interest rates set by the RBI, are further major influencing factors on the Rupee.

The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) actively intervenes in forex markets to maintain a stable exchange rate, to help facilitate trade. In addition, the RBI tries to maintain the inflation rate at its 4% target by adjusting interest rates. Higher interest rates usually strengthen the Rupee. This is due to the role of the ‘carry trade’ in which investors borrow in countries with lower interest rates so as to place their money in countries’ offering relatively higher interest rates and profit from the difference.

Macroeconomic factors that influence the value of the Rupee include inflation, interest rates, the economic growth rate (GDP), the balance of trade, and inflows from foreign investment. A higher growth rate can lead to more overseas investment, pushing up demand for the Rupee. A less negative balance of trade will eventually lead to a stronger Rupee. Higher interest rates, especially real rates (interest rates less inflation) are also positive for the Rupee. A risk-on environment can lead to greater inflows of Foreign Direct and Indirect Investment (FDI and FII), which also benefit the Rupee.

Higher inflation, particularly, if it is comparatively higher than India’s peers, is generally negative for the currency as it reflects devaluation through oversupply. Inflation also increases the cost of exports, leading to more Rupees being sold to purchase foreign imports, which is Rupee-negative. At the same time, higher inflation usually leads to the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) raising interest rates and this can be positive for the Rupee, due to increased demand from international investors. The opposite effect is true of lower inflation.